The oldest known road in Europe is located in Greece and stands as a remarkable feat of engineering, with a history spanning more than 3,500 years.
If you’re picturing a major roadway in one of the country’s modern urban centers, think again. The continent’s oldest recorded road is found in Crete—a Minoan-era route stretching approximately 50 kilometers, linking the ancient city of Knossos to Gortyna and Lebena.
What makes this road truly remarkable is its advanced construction, which appears to have set the foundation for future infrastructure developments.
Designed with precision, it features side drainage channels to manage water runoff, an innovation that has helped preserve its condition for millennia. The road’s main layer is composed of sandstone slabs, each 20 centimeters thick, carefully laid and bonded with a durable mortar made of clay and gypsum.
On top of this foundation, a layer of basalt stones provided a smooth and sturdy surface for travel. Additionally, the road’s inclusion of designated shoulders—an unusual feature for its time—demonstrates the Minoans’ sophisticated understanding of road design, ensuring safe and efficient movement.
The discovery was highlighted by World Ancient History, which emphasized how the road reflects the ingenuity of the Minoan civilization. Beyond its impressive construction, it serves as a testament to the technological advancements and infrastructure development of prehistoric Crete.